INTRO- MANUFACTURING The term “Manufacturing” comes from two Latin words- ‘Manu’ means hand and ‘facture’ means to make. It means producing goods in large quantities from raw materials and adding value to them through processing, machinery, and labour. It is a secondary activity because it converts primary materials (from agriculture, mining, etc.) into finished products. *Relation Between Agriculture and Industry Agriculture and industry are interdependent: #Both sectors support each other’s growth and sustainability. IMPORTANCE OF MANUFACTURING Manufacturing plays a vital role in the economic and social development of a nation. CONTRIBUTION OF MANUFACTURING TO NATIONAL ECONOMY INDUSTRIAL LOCATION Industrial location refers to the specific place or area where an industry is set up. Industries tend to locate where all necessary inputs are easily and cheaply available. According to Alfred Weber’s Industrial Location Theory, “An industry is located at a place where the cost of production and transportation is minimum.” *Factors Affecting the Location of Industries Industries do not grow everywhere — they develop where conditions are favourable.The major factors are given below. 1. Availability of Raw Materials 2. Labour (Manpower) 3. Power (Energy Source) 4. Capital (Investment) 5. Market 6. Transport and Communication 7. Government Policies 8. Industrial Climate (Social and Political Stability) *Industrial Clusters or Agglomeration -When several industries are set up close to each other for mutual benefit, it is called industrial agglomeration. -These areas become industrial hubs or regions. -Example: CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES Industries can be classified or grouped on different bases such as raw materials, capital investment, ownership, and size.This helps in understanding their nature, functioning, and contribution to the economy. AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES Agro-based industries are industries that use agricultural products as raw materials. They form a strong link between agriculture and industry, and are the largest group of industries in India. These industries process agricultural raw materials into finished or semi-finished goods that can be used by consumers or other industries. 1. Textile Industry 2. Cotton Textile Industry 3. Jute Industry 4. Sugar Industry MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES 1. Iron and Steel Industry 2. Aluminium Smelting 3. Chemical Industries 4. Fertiliser Industry 5. Cement Industry 6. Automobile Industry 7. Information Technology and Electronics Industry INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Industrial pollution refers to the contamination of the environment due to harmful by-products released from industries into air, water, and soil. Industries are responsible for four types of pollution: Air, Water, Land, Noise *Measures to Control Industrial Pollution To reduce pollution and promote sustainable development, the following steps are essential:
Read More